Human and Animal Interrelationships Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human and Animal Interrelationships - Term Paper Example This essay has its primary concern being to investigate the interrelationship between people and animals (both domestic and wild animals) since the olden days up to date. Here in lies the importance of human and animal interrelationships. In addition, it involves an outline of the factors that bring about the changes. Further, it includes suggestions of how to improve the interrelationship of human and animals. Finally, it ends by the summary and a conclusion of the essay. Interrelationship of human and animals In the olden days, human beings neglected animals and considered them (animals) harmful to human health. The interrelationship varies in different societies. For instance, in some societies, there was the use of domestic animals specifically cattle, for the purpose of transportation. In other societies, the use of cattle was principally to give support to farm work. Due to this (farming activities), human beings reared bulls with the purpose of using them to plough big farms. On the other hand, animals depended on human beings for resources such as food. This brought about dependability in that they (animals and particular individuals) relied on each other for various needs (Jonge 154). The interaction between man and wild animals is different from the relationship of man and domestic animals. This is due to activities such as hunting, whereby man continue to humiliate the lives of wild animals. This leads to wild animals hiding away from hunters. This denotes a poor interaction between human and wild animals. Today, there is prohibition of hunting activities since such an act is termed to be illegal and leads to decrease in animals within the ecosystem. Continuity in relations of human beings and animals changed due to diverse reasons. For instance, change in technology contributed to a decrease in dependability level. This is because technology leads to establishment of better farming methods. It leads to adoption of modern farming machinery, which in turn resulted to rearing animals for domestic purpose (beef and milk). Importance of human and animal interrelationships Several positive effects result from the relations of human and animals. For instance, there is reduced fatigue on the side of human kind. This is due to less energy used when undertaking tasks like farming, and it is because human kinds use animal energy to perform specific farming activities. The interrelationship helps to improve performance capability of animals as well as their welfare. This is evident in that Jensen states that, â€Å"poor relationship interactions elicit negative emotions such as fear† (114). This necessitates human beings to be keen when handling animals. Factors influencing human and animal interrelations Better relations exist only when both human and animal are in good health. Health amongst other factors determines the ability of both humans and animals to have a better co-relationship. Health is the source of morale required by all living beings to undertake designed tasks with less impeding characters. Unhealthy human beings will tend to have less concern on the welfare of animals. Due to an unhealthy status, animals lack potential to perform tasks (for example farming) requiring application of much efforts. The use of sign language is vital especially when directing animals on the farm (Jensen 113). This helps improve the level of understanding on animals. How to improve human and animal relations Improving the relations between human beings and animals is vital for the well-being of the society. It signifies the degree of understanding between human and animals. This leads to less economic defects resulting from poor interrelations. Some of the strategies to improve the relationship

Dai Sijies book Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress Essay Example for Free

Dai Sijies book Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress Essay In Dai Sijies book, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, the two main characters are brought together to experience the hardships of re-education but even then they manage to stay hopeful. Dai Sijie focuses on the survival and the power of human spirit and imagination to endure of Luo and the narrator, Ma. The boys stay hopeful by finding solutions to their problems during the re-education. Luo feels physically tired and so turns back the hands of the clock to get some extra sleep so he can get through the day. The Little Chinese Seamstress tries and cures Luo of his disease even though she doesnt have the proper medical equipment. Four-Eyes on the other hand continues to try and impress the peasants by risking the chance of getting caught with all the banned books by leaving his door open just to display his trust in the peasants and by hiding away meat and pretending that he doesnt eat meat to please them. The boys can be viewed as hopeful in the ways in which they adapt to and find solutions to the hardships of re-education such as manipulating the start of the working day with the alarm clock. The boys confess a few days after getting to the mountain and carrying the buckets of shit up and down the mountain, in the end we had changed the position of the hands so many times we had no idea what the time really was. The boys take advantage of the peasants ignorance of technology to cheat the village of their labor. But they are only doing this because of the harshness of re-education that led them to be this physically drained out. They were being forced to turn into cheaters but for them this wasnt deceiving, it was merely how they believed they could bring their bodies back to normal and start adapting to the change. By saying losing track of what the time really was, Dai Sijie also symbolizes their fear of never returning to their families and leading their old lives. Besides Luo finding a solution to the hard working conditions during the re-education, the Little Chinese Seamstress found a solution to curing Luos malaria and stayed hopeful. Although during the time of the re-education, there were no proper medical care and due to that Luo may have suffered from malaria for a long time. On the way to the Little Chinese Seamstresss house for the oral cinema in her town, another attack struck Luo and when they arrived at, Luo looked really sick so the Little Chinese Seamstress used a natural medicine on him and hoped that it worked. She didnt panic and act irrationally. The remedy that used was a natural paste made of the leaves of a plant called Broken-bowl-shards. This shows that the Seamstress believes in nature and tries her luck wherever she can. She says In my opinion you cant believe in them totally, but you cant deny them either. This just proves that whether or not the results are going to be as desired, it is definitely worth a shot. Four-Eyes is a representation of a character who would do anything to escape re-education and his continuous tries are what make him seem hopeful that one day he will succeed. Ever since he has been living on the mountain, he doesnt lock the doors of his house. When the readers first hear from him about this he claims that he is so anxious to demonstrate his trust in the revolutionary peasants that he never used to lock his doors. This just proves how desperate he is for their trust. He leaves his door unlocked even though he has a hidden suitcase of books that if found, can get him into serious troubles but he is willing to take that risk. He is also abstaining from meat. He would spring to his feet, quickly hide the pan in a corner as if it were contraband, and put out a dish of marinated vegetables. This not only portrays his fear, but the use of the word contraband by Dai Sijie is interesting as it brings up other suggestions. Contrabands are illegally smuggled goods and the comparison between the meat and the contraband shows how scared Four-Eyes is. To Four-Eyes, eating meat struck him a crime typical of the bourgeois class to which his family belonged so he decided to sacrifice eating meat. Four-Eyes stops at nothing to gain his pleasures. This single-mindedness in the face of adversity (when he breaks his glasses and the boys find him trying to carry the rice sacks alone) could be viewed as a form of hopefulness. To conclude, I have to say that the boys need to be credited for having dealt with their situations so optimistically. They only had a three in a thousand chance of returning home but even then they have stayed hopeful through the novel and took things as they came their way. I believe that the characters main way of staying hopeful is by finding solutions to the problems and hardships of their life currently during the re-education at the Phoenix Mountain. What the two boys have taken from this experience definitely has been the ability to be independent and solve situations they are faced with and most importantly learnt that success can be achieved by staying hopeful. Also the books and their passion for literature has indeed played a part in this as the books is what has kept them going for this long and they work so hard all day only knowing that later at night they have the book to go back to and relax. Their hope to keep them going through the day is the thought of knowing that this means they can go home to reading. Four-Eyes on the other hand has this obsessive pursuit of freedom and his hope is what is keeping that driving force in him going but in this battle, he has lost his temper and feels agitated as his results are not coming out positive.

Private Hospitals for Undergraduate Medical Training

Private Hospitals for Undergraduate Medical Training Private Hospitals for undergraduate medical training an untapped resource in Ireland. Introduction Undergraduate medical education and training is a subject of considerable importance in relation to the quality of learning and teaching opportunities for students, and the ability of the learning environments to support the development of clinical skills and knowledge, professional practice and patient-focused high quality care delivery. The Irish context presents a particular challenge due to changes in the organisation and delivery of medical care into two distinct sectors, private or public, which alters the opportunities offered for medical student experience and focuses services in different ways. While the acute care sector (public) is the one in which most medical students train, it is apparent that there are opportunities to be gained from utilising private hospital and medical locations as well, in order to expose medical students to the widest possible and available medical expertise. However, the quality of the experience in such locations may be questionable, and the ran ge of experiences available may be severely limited A review of the literature pertaining to the title will demonstrate some of the key issues around this topic, drawing on literature from the UK and internationally, due to the commonalities in medical education structure, form and pedagogy that are found globally, and in particular, referring to the UK model as being the one which dominates still even in the Irish medical education sector. Discussion Due to changes in the healthcare structure in Ireland private, there has been a split in the way that doctors provide acute medical and surgical care services. Within Ireland in the healthcare model which has evolved, there are now public only or private only contracts for consultants, meaning that consultants cannot work across both sectors. Prior to this change, a doctor could work across both sectors, meaning that while they could engage in the public sector work that is the meat and drink of medicine and surgery, most consultants made their money in private hospitals, leaving their NCHD team to do their public work. However, the challenges this change poses for the way in which medical education is delivered in Ireland have not really been picked up on in the literature, and so an exploration of pertinent literature, in the light of the author’s contextual knowledge, is important, to explore this impact and to appreciate the scope and opportunities inherent within the new structure. There is some evidence that the changes to medical education, whilst global, are very real in the Irish context. The issues affecting medical education include â€Å"increasing service demands on clinical teachers, the need for shared teaching among different health-related disciplines, the need to incorporate modern educational principles and technologies, adapting to changing societal views of health and disease and the demand for health professionals to be more accountable.†[1] Issues such as professionalism and widening understanding of diversity are inherent in these issues. What this suggests, among other things, is that in order to make best use of the existing resources, areas still untapped need to be accessed, and at the same time, the way that medical ‘education’ is delivered needs to evolve.[2] Up until the present day, the private hospitals have not really been involved in med education. However, now they are currently making associations with universities who are eager to tap this resource, in order to make use of the private hospital setting for clinical experiences for medical students (and other healthcare students). It could be posited that these hospital present a hitherto untapped resource, full of opportunities, but also as a point of great scope for development of new ways of thinking about and providing more appropriate forms of education. As a public private system becomes more defined we need to start using the private sector to teach medical students. This is particularly important as there have been, recently, significant increases in the numbers of medical students[3], with public sector hospitals overwhelmed by medical student numbers, exacerbated by graduate entry into medicine adding to the larger and more diverse pool.[4] This may be affecting the qualit y of their learning, and also the quality of care provision.[5] There are, however, challenges, because as an unused resource, and an untested learning environemtn, there are not the internal resources, skills, systems and the like already in existence to support the influx of medical students. Similarly, there are lots of new private hospitals opening that are not used for teaching, and these hospitals are not equipped for teaching. This is something to bear in mind, and there is a need to identify the requirements of a hospital being equipped for medical student teaching and learning. Basic needs would be structural, such as the provision of a student centre, student accessible IT services, student support, changing rooms, training laboratories, and the like. Some of the major concerns are that private hospitals not equipped and did not make considerations for medical student education at the design phase, meaning that making them primary locations for medical student clinical experience could be very challenging and costly. There is also the issue private patients may not welcome students, particularly as they have paid for their care and so want complete control over it. This may mean students being excluded from key experiences. However, all patients in public sector healthcare have the option to not have students present, so this may not be insurmountable, but it would require rewriting protocols, mission statements, and the like to include an educational component. Another concern is the fact that private hospitals have not yet got to the same level of provision or range of clinical disciplines as public ones. For example, very few have intensive care departments, full time 24/7 consultant cover, emergency departments or major trauma units. Therefore the casemix of patients is elective, and limited, and students if only placed in private hospitals, will not be exposed to emergency. However, the contrary is also true as public teaching hospitals are now getting less elective patients for routine surgeries such as cholecystectomies and hernias. There is evidence to suggest that the relevance of the training medical students receive is of some importance to the quality of their experience and their future skills.[6] There could, therefore, be an argument for cross-sector placements, on rotation, with students doing different placements in different hospitals. This may have the advantage of exposing students to a wider socio-cultural mix of patient s as well as a wider pool of medical expertise, both of which may be of significance in the requirements of medical staff in the current climate.[7] Certainly, there is an emergence of a need to develop more creative approaches to clinical medical education which address the social and societal issues affecting health and illness as well as the medical knowledge itself.[8] This is evident in the emergence of debate around professionalism and professionalisation/socialisation of medical students into their profession, but also into the wider healthcare workforce. While traditionally, medicine has enjoyed a hegemonic position with near godlike autonomy[9], things have changed and new ways of viewing the medical profession have emerged. This has included a demand for more transparent, ethical practice, for doctors to view patients as individuals within their personal, social context, and the need for doctors to demonstrate respect for others, teamworking skills, and more self-awareness and increased awareness of social responsibility.[10] It also includes the reflexivity and awareness required to underpin the development of clinical decision making and problem solving skills, in general, and in application to particular disciplines and cases.[11] These notions of professionalism and reducing the divide between physician and patient are deemed important fo r the profession, as long as professional standards are also maintained.[12] This is where the challenge seems to reside, in providing medical students in Ireland with the scope to develop their professional knowledge and skills, along with the development of themselves, and their professional role, across two radically different healthcare provision domains.[13] Yet the research shows that it is the quality of the clinical or practical experience that medical students have which affects both aspects of their development, their clinical skills and their professionalism.[14] Medical education has moved away from the didactic forms that have characterised it for centuries towards a more interactive, student-centred type of training, although not as far as the other healthcare professions have.[15] Therefore, developing the private sector provision could serve a number of purposes, not just providing a useful place for the runoff of extra students currently flooding the public sector h ospitals. It could provide the opportunities for students to be assessed in skills and attributes relevant to each sector, as well as each individual case they are addressing. This would represent a more individualised approach to medical education.[16] There is a high likelihood of a considerable amount of resistance to such a reorientation, however, because the traditional, hierarchical and hegemonic structures of the medical profession will not be easily overcome.[17] What changes there are may not be fully bedded down within the Irish healthcare sector.[18] There is also the challenge of ensuring that there are adequate clinical educators available or even employed within this sector.[19] However, it would also be important to consider the impact of a large amount of private sector clinical experience on the professional development and socialisation of medical students, because much of this occurs within the institutional setting and is affecting by that setting, by the organisational culture, and by the behaviours of others within that setting.[20] Therefore, if students are modelling themselves primarily on what they are seeing within the private sector, this exposure could be detrimental, in the long run, to their professionalism, their awareness, and the ways that the work with others.[21] The nature of medical education itself is one which may need to change, to reorient itself to a different model of teaching and learning which is more appropriate to modern day medicine[22]. â€Å"Continued efforts are needed to reduce the factual load of the curriculum.†[23] It is apparent that in the current climate, with rapid developments in science and technology applied to medicine, and the increasing speed of these developments, that delivering a didactic curriculum is not practical, and instead, medical schools need to be able to â€Å"equip students with the skills and attitudes needed to cope with rapid change and lifelong learning.†[24] This includes students learning how to learn in a self-directed, more autonomous way,[25] which would then help to overcome the differences between the sectors and support students in cross-sector working and identifying the learning and development opportunities specific to each. However, the literature shows that in Ireland (as in many other places), the nature of medical education remains quite didactic and offers only limited opportunities for students to work in alternative ways. Yet the requirement for personal and professional development has already begun to be realised in the UK and Ireland, and as such the groundwork has already been laid.[26] Similarly, literature shows that medical student learning differs depending on the clinical environment,[27] which may be related to the culture of the environment and the purpose of the medical provision,[28] and if this is the case, then a great deal of research will be needed, along with ongoing evaluation, in order to assess the impact of the use of private sector hospitals within Ireland. The literature demonstrates that new ways of learning can be developed and implemented, based on more social, interactive, collaborative models[29], such as the development of communities of practice.[30] In this case, such communities would need to span the different sectors effectively, and overcome the differences between them, but these could expand to make better use of and collaborate more effectively with the training of interprofessional colleages[31]. This raises the question of whether there are the skills, capacity and even inclination to develop medical education along such lines, a lthough the ongoing benefits of communities of practice would be exponential.[32],[33]. The need for medical students to emerge as knowledgeable professionalss with the requisite understanding and skills must not be overlooked.[34],[35] Conclusion It would appear that there is a great untapped potential in the use of private sector hospitals in the Republic of Ireland to supplement medical student education by providing clinical locations for practice-based learning. However, this learning may need to be located in a different paradigm to the traditional medical apprenticeship model that has dominated this sector to date. The private sector hospitals would need to be come part of the partnership teams with universities and public sector hospitals. They would need to develop the facilities and infrastructure to support medical students. Medical students would gain a lot from such placements, but it would appear to be best that these form part of a cross-sector rotation of placements, rather than a private setting constituting their dominant clinical learning setting. The ways in which medical students are ‘taught’ would also need to change, to become more focused on personal and professional development, self-directed learning, and on all the elements of being professional in relation to current definitions of the word, and the social expectations placed upon healthcare professionals. Research is required into how private sector hospitals can be used, how medical education is changed by this and will change the nature of these locations, and how different approaches to new pedagogies will benefit medical students overall. The impact of these changes on professionalism, and the resistance from the profession, will also need to be considered. Ultimately, private hospitals can support the current provision, but the nature of the healthcare provision in Ireland would have to be considered also in the light of international models and how it intersects with these. Anything which improves student development and the skills and capabilities of newly qualified doctors must be a positive move, but research is needed to demonstrate that this would be so. References Arnold, L. (2002) Assessing professional behaviour: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Acad Med 77 (6) 58-70. Bligh, J. (2004) More medical students, more stress in the medical education system. Medical Education 38 460-462. Chastonay, P., Brenner, F., Peel, S. and Guilbert, J-J. (1996) The need for more efficiency and relevance in medical education. Medical Education 30 235-248. Cruess, R., Cruess, S. and Johnston, S.E. (1999) Renewing professionalism: an opportunity for medicine. Acad Med 74. (8) 878-884. Currie, G. and Suhomlinova, O. (2006) The impact of institutional forces upon knowledge sharing in the UK NHS: the triumph of professional power and the inconsistency of policy. Public Administration 84 (1) 1-30. Department of Health (2004) Medical Schools: Delivering the Doctors of the Future London: Department of Health. Dogra, N., Conning, S., and Gill, P. (2005) Teaching of cultural diversity in medical schools in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland: cross sectional questionnaire survey. BMJ 330 403-404. Dowton, S.B., Stokes, M-L., Rawstrong, E.J. et al (2005) Postgraduate medical education: rethinking and integrating a complex landscape. MJA 182 177-180. Dornan, T., Hadfield, J., Brown, M. et al (2005) How can medical students learn in a self-directed way in the clinical environment? Design-based research. Medical Education 39 356-364. Epstein, R.M. and Hundert, E.M. (2002) 287 (2) 226-235. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA 287 (2) 226-235. Finucane, P. and Kellet, J. (2007) A new direction for medical education in Ireland? European Journal of Internal Medicine 18 101-103. General Medical Council (2002) Tomorrow’s doctors: recommendations on undergraduate medical education. London: GMC. Gordon, J. (2003) Fostering students’ personal and professional development in medicine: a new framework for PPD. Medical Education 37 (4) 341-349. Hilton, S.R. and Slotnick, H.B. (2005) Proto-professionalism: how professionalisation occurs across the continuum of medical education. Medical Education 29 58-65. Howe, A., Campion, P., Searle, J. and Smith, H. (2004) New perspectives approaches to medical education at four new UK medical schools. BMJ 329 327-331. Irvine, D. (1999) The performance of doctors: new professionalism. Lancet 353 1174-1177. Littlewood, S., Ypinazar, V., Margolis, S.A. et al (2005) Early practical experience and the social responsiveness of clinical education: systematic review. BMJ331 387-391. Lloyd Jones, M. (2005) Role development and effective practice in specialist and advanced practice roles in acute hospital settings: systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 49 (2) 191-209. McMahon, T. (2005) Teaching medicine and allied disciplines in the 21st century lessons for Ireland on the continuing need for reform. Radiography 11 61-65. Medical Council (2001) Review of medical schools in Ireland Dublin: Medical Council. Moercje, A.M. and Elika, B. (2002) What are the clinical skills levels of newly graduated physicians? Self-assessment study of an intended curriculum identified by a Delphi process. Medical Education 36 472-478. Norman, G. (2002) Research in medical education: three decades of progress. BMJ 324 1560-1562. Nuffield Trust (2000) University Clinical Partnership: Harnessing Clinical and Academic Resources London: Nuffield Trust Working Group on NHS/University Relations. Ostler, D.T., (2005) Flexner, apprenticeship and ‘the new medical education.’ Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98 91-95. Perkins, G.D., Barrett, H., Bullock, I. et al (2005) The Acute Care Undergraduate Teaching (ACUTE) Initiative: consensus development of core competencies in acute care for undergraduates in the United Kingdom. Intensive Care Medicine 31 1627-1633. Rogers, J.C., Swee, D.E. and Ullian, J.A. (1991) Teaching medical decision making and students’ clinical problem solving skills. Medical Teacher 13 157-164. Satran, L., Harris, I.B., Allen, S. et al (1993) Hospital-based versus community-based clinical education: comparing performances and course evaluations by students in their second-year pediatrics rotation. Acad Med 68 380-382. Sinclair, S. (1997) Making doctors: an institutional apprenticeship Oxford: Berg. Smith, T. and Sime, P. (2001) A survey of clinical academic staffing levels in UK medical and dental schools: a report to the Council for Heads of Medical Schools London: Council for Heads of Medical Schools. Stewart, J., O’Halloran, C., Harrigan, P. et al (1999) Identifying appropriate tasks for the preregistration year: modified Delphi technique. BMJ 224-229. Swick, H. (2000) towards a normative definition of medical professionalism. Acad Med. 75 (6) 77-81. Thakore, H. and McMahon, T. (2006) Sink or swim: the future of medical education in Ireland. The Clinical Teacher 3 129-132. Wenger, E.C. and Snyder, W.M. (2000) Communities of practice: the organisational frontier. Harvard Business Review 78 (1) 139-147. Williams, G. and Lau, A. (2004) Reform of undergraduate medical teaching in the United Kingdom: a triumph of evangelism over common sense. BMJ 329 92-94. Worley, P., Esterman, A. and Prideaux, D. (2004) Cohort study of examination performance of undergraduate medical students learning in community settings. BMJ 328 207-209. Footnotes [1] Finucane, P. and Kellet, J. (2007) [2] Thakore, H. and McMahon, T. (2006) [3] Bligh, J. (2004) [4] Thakore, H. and McMahon, T. (2006) [5] Bligh, J. (2004) [6] Chastonay, P., Brenner, F., Peel, S. and Guilbert, J-J. (1996) [7] Dogra, N., Conning, S., and Gill, P. (2005) [8] Department of Health (2004) [9] Hilton, S.R. and Slotnick, H.B. (2005) [10] Hilton, S.R. and Slotnick, H.B. (2005) [11] Rogers, J.C., Swee, D.E. and Ullian, J.A. (1991) [12] General Medical Council (2002) [13] Arnold, L. (2002) [14] Littlewood, S., Ypinazar, V., Margolis, S.A. et al (2005 [15] Norman, G. (2002) [16] Ostler, D.T., (2005 [17] Williams, G. and Lau, A. (2004) [18] Currie, G. and Suhomlinova, O. (2006) [19] Smith, T. and Sime, P. (2001) [20] Sinclair, S. (1997) [21] Swick, H. (2000) [22] Howe, A., Campion, P., Searle, J. and Smith, H. (2004) [23] Medical Council (2001) [24] Medical Council (ibid) [25] Dornan, T., Hadfield, J., Brown, M. et al (2005) [26] Gordon, J. (2003) [27] Worley, P., Esterman, A. and Prideaux, D. (2004) [28] Satran, L., Harris, I.B., Allen, S. et al (1993) [29] Perkins, G.D., Barrett, H., Bullock, I. et al (2005) [30] Wenger, E.C. and Snyder, W.M. (2000) [31] Lloyd Jones, M. (2005) [32] Wenger, E.C. and Snyder, W.M. (2000) [33] Nuffield Trust (2000) [34] Moercje, A.M. and Elika, B. (2002) [35] Irvine, D. (1999)

Sadistic Zealots :: essays research papers

Opinion Sadistic Zealots   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The acts of terrorists on September 11, 2001, demolished two important American buildings and executed thousands of innocent victims. This united Americans, both to mourn the loss of lives and to fight back against international terrorism. However unforgivable, this attack was not a senseless act of violence by sadistic zealots. Apparently, the terrorists were not aware of the long-term consequences of their actions. The brainwashed crusaders may not have even known the motivation for the attack but were blindly following a twisted act of eccentric Muslims. In either case, serious short and long-term reactions will ensue until ultimately, a peaceful resolution will result or the world will be at war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The causes of this atrocious terrorism are numerous and date back to biblical history when freedom fighters were misguided by radical factions, such as the zealots who fought Roman domination while Christ sought peace. In the present, one of the chief causes is America’s gift of approximately three billion dollars to Israel each year. This money and support is then used to help the Israeli Army fight an endless territorial war against Palestine. The result is anti-US. demonstrations in Palestine and other Arab countries. The arsenals used by Israelis to attack Palestine were obtained through American aid. US technology has provided for easy international travel and contemporary buildings and cities produce easy targets to kill innocent victims with one mighty blow. Therefore, when people ask today what Americans did to deserve this, the answer would be simple. America entwined itself into a war over hallowed ground. Hoping to be a mediator, it did not realize that it is in no place to proctor such a violent bonanza.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basinger Hickey 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reactions of Americans to the terrorism were what everyone expected. An initial fear of certain doom was followed by remorse and grief for the loss of lives. Next came the nationwide sacred oath of revenge, one that was shared by the President of the United States. He vowed vengeance on the perpetrators of the attack. Among the individual Americans, no consensus is available on what they feel needs to be done. Extremists feel that the only way to rectify this situation is to sacrifice all Arab countries. Others hope that there is no need for any more violence, as it can only escalate into even more trouble for targeted countries. For instance, perhaps the solution will be found by bringing Osama bin Ladin and his cult of kamikaze bandits to justice other then executing millions of innocent Arabs with a bomb.

Chess: Nervous System and Turkish Tribes

Chess is an old game which had been played by enemies of commanders before war began in order to they prove their intelligent against his rival centuries ago. Although chess did not become widespread among Turkish tribes in the past because of some religious and traditional reasons, finally it gained its reputation in most of school nowadays. It is well known fact that Turkish tribes are famous with epic warriors in according to varied source of history books. Chess is also epic game, with the chessboard resembles a battlefield and two sets of pieces the two contending armies and the two rival players think in terms of attack, defense, capture, threats ambushes and tactics. The chess game is full of such activities which suggest a real and live combat. It is obvious that this game is more suitable Turkish customs than other nation cultures even if chess is invented by Indian people. A player of chess is required some qualifications like he can make a decisive move in very complex situation even if under the pressure. That’s why a person who plays chess activates the central nervous system and develops positive emotional reactions. It is very good training challenging task and develop mental health in another stages for a person who plays chess. Opponents of chess have claimed that some arguments to support their arguments. Firstly, chess is objected by some people who misunderstood the Turkish religious because of it does not suitable for Turkish religious. So religious group assert that playing chess is a sin and it is banned by the god because, it was invented by the Indian people and they do not know anything about Turkish religious. But there are a lot of inventions in the Turkish society taken from other nations. Besides, god suggests that If something is useful for human there is no sin using it in the Quran. Secondly opponents of chess claim that playing chess means that spending waste of leisure. They claim that instead of playing chess, leisure can be spent more effectively with another sports. In fact that there is not any other game hobby or diversion as philosophical, intellectual, effectively and thoughtful as chess. In a word, it seems no doubt that there are many valid reasons in support of playing chess. We can understand that a person who plays chess can take a lot of benefit. There cannot be better pursuit than playing chess in leisure time. It not only keeps you busy but also gives entertainment.

Work in partnership

Work in partnership in health and social care or children and young peoples settings. Explain the Importance of partnership working with: Colleagues Other professionals Others Working in partnership with other colleagues and professionals is detrimental in being able to provide a service fit for need as It helps promote team working which I believe motivates a team to work well and excel them. It also helps every person involved in providing the service aware of all obstacles that could arise and any outcomes to achieve or have been achieved.Within a children's setting it can also elf build positive environments for children to be in and this would help a child or young person settle better into a new environment so that you are able to assess a person or child and manage tasks efficiently. It helps creates a safe environment to share Information as nearly all professionals update themselves with technology, information can now be sent password protected Vela a encrypted system which deters others from being able to access a person's private information by a secure connection.Sharing information about a person can help the smooth running of a arrive as it enables all involved to be fully aware of each person's position and remit and allows others to know who to approach for feedback or guidance. Working In partnership with others I. E. Family members or careers helps with the smooth running of a service, as family members hold a lot of Information past and present about a person which can be used to build a care plan. Family are often keen to assist with service provision for a person and by working in partnership with them it creates positives relationships.You can put a person's mind at ease with regard to the level of support a person may need. If it is a child or young person a parent or guardian would need much reassurance to know that they are leaving the child In safe capable hands therefore It Is Imperative that pre assessments are carried out. We have in the past used an informal interview process for new services for a person who may have either complex or long term needs I. E. A waking night service. We would before the service is due to start we would set up an informal meeting at the clients home and arrange for 3-4 people to go and meet the client their family or NOOK.This would allow them to put any questions forward and explain specific tasks ND how they should be carried out. It also helps as when the service does start the person coming to assist Is not a stranger. This In turn helps a nook, guardian, parent or family member enjoy their respite without fear of the person not being able to manage. This has worked well on many occasions and this is something we intend to keep as a way of matching the correct care support assistant to the person who needs support.Partnership working can help to deliver better outcomes for all health and social care professionals from a commissioning, performance management, service delivery and arrive improvement purpose. As we move forward with new legislation and processes it is important to deliver person centered care. This means we need range of expertise, knowledge and experience in order to deliver the best possible service for an individual. From the outset we are able to use the information gathered from social worker assessment, hospital discharge letters care plans and risk assessment to produce a plan tailored for a specific person.For example we currently have client who requires support from a team of Care Support Assistants, District Nurse Teams and mental health community team. By working in partnership we are able to get up to date information and guidance on the person's condition and how to manage it from a professional point of view. We work well with arranging our service delivery around the schedule for the District Nurse's therefore we book out daily visits either before or after their due to attend for two reasons.We found that when we attended for a review meeting and there were too many people in the property this caused panic and distress to the service user it was agreed by all that any visits would be made by appointment only and by 2 people maximum, also due to the high demand ND limited resources District Nurse teams have, it worked well by planning our visits to a different time to their arrival so that they were not kept longer than they needed to be and vice versa for our staff.There is a Joint log book left in the property for any concerns or follow up actions to be taken and this is signed once the action has been acknowledged or completed. We worked with the service user to make this plan to minimize disruption and undue distress to him as by not following this plan could lead to a setback in his recovery which in turn would mean outcomes would not be met. Therefore in this instance and for most it shows that partnership working is how we proceed to working to ensure that outcomes are met efficiently and if t his cannot be achieved how we change our methods to enable achieved outcomes.Explain how to overcome barriers to partnership working. There can be many barriers to partnership working and most commonly arise due to a lack of experience, lack of time and a disregard for importance. Others include a lack of trust especially when it comes to children. There are many parents who initially will put a barrier up to professionals as they tend to feel that strangers are miming in to their home to tell them how to be a parent or how to look after their child. A good way of overcoming this barrier is to build a relationship with the family first, listen to the incidents, issues or concerns they have.By supporting them through the crisis/difficult time will build trust within the circle and helps them to make informed choices in a relaxed environment. Acknowledging each other's expertise for example a parent will feel they know their child better than any other person which is correct however a professional will have seen a child similar to the en they have been allocated to many times therefore with their Joint expertise this family unit not to criticism them and this can lead to positives outcomes and overcome barriers in partnership working.For adults it can be easier to break through these barriers especially if it is to support a person who has capacity. By speaking to them to conduct assessments you get to build a good idea of a person's character, need and attitude toward a service. It allows you to build a rapport with someone share stories and common interests if any. This can be relationship building. I recently had this experience with a service. I was contacted privately by a husband and wife who have physical disabilities, they are wheelchair and housebound without assistance.Upon speaking to Mrs. x it was clear she had some bad experiences with other providers. I decided to visit them in their home to get a broader picture of the service they wanted and pro blems they had in the past to try and work out how improve their opinions of care providers. Upon speaking to them it was clear that although they both have medical conditions that reduce their ability to be fully independent they were not totally incapacitated. They wanted to be treated s adults not children or elderly people who were not able to fend for themselves.They had social needs Just the same as those who are fully independent for example going to the cinema and shopping. Mr. x is a keen football fan and liked talking about sports. I believed I had gained some thrust and set about finding the ideal person to provide their service. We have had the service for approximately 1 year and in that time we have had to make changes to care workers who did not work out but the current Care Support Assistant has been with since February 2014 and all communication with Mr. and Mrs. is positive.It is in agreement that planned absences require a second and third person to cover their se rvice and shadowing the regular Care Support Assistant always takes place. By working together closely for those 3 months and investing my time in to rebuilding their opinion I feel I have worked in partnership with them and succeeded in overcoming the initial barriers that were there. Explain own role and responsibilities in working with colleagues. My role as the Service Team Leader/ Registered Manager firstly has a legal responsibility to ensure that everyone who is in receipt of a service is kept safe from risk, harm and abuse.It is my Job to ensure that all staff are fully equipped with knowledge and training to go into the field and demonstrate that they are able and suitable for the role they have been appointed to. It is my role to supervise the office staff to give guidance and support where necessary. Set tasks on week by week basis according to the needs of the business. I take the lead on any complaint or safeguarding referral we may receive and investigate. I am respons ible for the petty cash kept on site and to provide our accounts team each month of the breakdown of money spent.It is my duty to complete supervisions and appraisals for office and lied staff, maintain a good working relationship with local authorities. Providing my seniors with a monthly KIP report. Keep a professional boundary with all staff and service users. These are an example of what is expected of me in my role however I out of hours service on a Rota basis, provide all induction training for new applicants as well as refresher training for existing members of staff. Evaluate own working relationship with colleagues.To evaluate my own work I need to be able to request positive or negative criticism as to how I may have handled a situation so that I can learn from the experience and improve for next time. I need to be able to self evaluate and not Just rely solely on another persons opinion. By doing a self analysis I am able to pick up what my strengths and weaknesses are t o be improved. This can also help with the quality of my work and setting myself targets to achieve to feel a great sense of completion helps motivate me which in turn passes on a positive working environment on to my team to help all of us excel.I feel presently as I am very open and honest with all my staff and my approachable manor I feel that I am able to communicate well my expectations of how I believe the service should be run and this is passed on to field Taft and rarely do I feel I need to display any negative comments on to the team. We communicate by text and email with our field staff and I often send out messages of gratitude to those have worked well over weekends as there are many issues that could prevent a service running smoothly.I feel that by appreciating my staff at any level I have formed good working relationships however there is always a need for improvement. Explain own role and responsibility in working with other professionals. It is my role to build rel ationships with outside organizations such as local authorities, district nurse teams, hospital teams and social work teams. I take the lead with all safeguarding investigations and work with the professionals involved in resolving the issues raised.Although it is my duty to take the lead I expect my office to be able to share the responsibility to an extent for example if I am away from the office for any reason I. E. Annual leave or sickness, I expect the rest of the team to be able to conduct an initial investigation to gather facts and provide a summary of the incident or concern raised so that I can take over on return. I feel that this does not emit the office to one way of working or delay important tasks. It can also help promote personal development to enable a Junior member of staff to gain experience in order to progress either within or outside of our organization.It is my role to attend all contract meetings to discuss possible issues within our service or for feedback to passed back to our staff to give thanks appreciation for something we did well. Evaluate procedures for working with professionals. The procedure for working with other professionals remains the same across the board. Every person is expected to treat all they come into contact with, with respect, e adhered to at all times and personal information is not being discussed with those outside of the professional circle. Information relating to a person or child should be shared on a need to know basis and as agreed.Each professional is responsible for their own department and are expected to deal with matters as they arise within agreed timescales. Professionals are expected to work together to obtain the best possible outcomes in the safest way. Each person has a duty of care to protect those they care for from being subjected to any form of harm or abuse and to port any concerns to a senior person or to a care management team within a local authority. Professional opinions should b e sought from specialist teams before partaking in any task that could potentially cause concern.For example the procedure for reporting any concern or information regarding one of our clients from the local authority is to write a detailed email containing all the facts we have at hand. We then send this to the placements and brokerage email who are regarded as our contact team within this borough. This is sent via a secure website with password protection. They will then forward on to the relevant social work team in order for this to be either recorded or dealt with. We then if need be wait for a response and a resolution to the query and work together to reach an outcome.Analyses the importance of working in partnership with others. It is extremely important to work in partnership with others as every person wants the best level and quality of care for the person they are dealing with, acting on behalf of or have a personal relationship I. E. Parent, child, guardian NOOK. I feel the best outcome sought by all is the wellbeing, safety and happiness of the person or child who requires support. There is also a level of consistency for not only you but for the person or child you are supporting.Children need consistency especially if you are supporting a child who has autism. Children who live with this condition require a huge amount of support. They do not adapt well to change and require routine to help them have a good quality of life and experience. By not working in partnership with others it would not be possible to build and establish relationships, improve service delivery and help the child transition well to an adult. For an elderly person working in partnership helps them have a better quality of life by having a nit of support who know their needs and are familiar to them.By working in partnership it allows every person you support to access to different activities and support. It is also good to surround yourself and your settings with profession als from all backgrounds and groups and to create relationships so you can use, learn and share resources and experience to achieve outcomes. Evaluate procedures for working with others. Professionals. The main requirement is be honest, communicative and detailed in every aspect. It is important to seek consent and permission from the person or a hill guardian, parent or NOOK you are supporting before any tasks procedure or assessment takes place.It is important that you involve others in the care planning process in order to achieve the outcomes as they know themselves or their loved one best to know their strengths, weaknesses and desires to a service delivery. You are expected to treat others with respect and dignity. As part of our pre-employment paperwork all staff office and field base are expected to sign and adhered to the dignity promise. Continued regular monitoring and supervision ensures that others are adhering and receiving all aspects of the dignity promise.That any c oncern raised will be dealt with efficiently and professionally. It is more common for others to become upset and angry and may fall from treating people with respect. However this does not absolve a professional from completing their task, but it does mean that an increased sense of awareness needs to be adopted so that all can remain safe. We previously had a service user that all we was required to do was support him in taking his medication. Unfortunately his wife suffered with Dementia and she would often try and attack staff and make accusation that they were trying make her husband ill.After working with family the service user himself and other professionals it was decided that this call would be attended by two care workers. Although it did not require 2 care workers to support him to take the medication, the second care worker was sent in to distract his wife so that the first care worker could safely support him. This was due to all involved wanting the outcome to be safe . Mr. x was less anxious about the distress it caused upsetting his wife and being concerned for his own health if he did not receive his medication. We continued to monitor this new approach and all feedback was positive.

Environmental Science Final Essay Example

Environmental Science Final Essay Example Environmental Science Final Paper Environmental Science Final Paper In general, natural resources ________. should be used efficiently and conserved Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a(n) ________ association. symbiotic Coal, oil, and natural gas are ________. symbiotic Which of the following is true about top predators They are likely to be keystone species. A climax community always remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession Which of the following is true? Species on Earth today are but a fraction of all species that ever lived. Sustainable development ________. means consuming resources without compromising future availability ________ believe that within a market economy, economic sustainability is achieved through reduction of growth and by more efficient resource use. Environmental economists A small section of prairie grasses, over a year, produces enough biomass to feed insects, mice, rabbits, birds, deer, antelope, and a host of decomposers. The amount of food potentially available to the herbivores is the ________. net primary production A hypothesis is ________. a testable proposition that explains an observed phenomenon or answers a question The origin of all nitrogen in biological tissues is ________. atmospheric N2 gas A system receiving inputs and producing outputs without undergoing any changes in size or function is said to be in ________. dynamic equilibrium The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a(n) ________. transform plate boundary Ecology is ________. the study of organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment Zebra mussels ________. are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities ________ are the primary water?insoluble components of cell membranes. Lipids Taiga and tundra both ________. have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year Macronutrients ________. are required in large amounts for organisms to survive River water held behind a dam is best described as a form of ________. potential energy Type of rock formed when magma or lava cools ________. igneous The functional role of a species in its community is its ________. distribution Skin, hair, muscles, and enzymes are classified as ________. proteins Which of the following describes mass wasting? downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity If domestic fuel prices rise to $5 per gallon, conservation will increase, alternative fuels will be developed, and energy efficiency and our quality of life will improve. This philosophy is consistent with ________ economics. environmental The scientific process and knowledge is based on ________. testing hypotheses that are built on observations ________ are typical primary consumers in a temperature deciduous forest. Deer Ecosystem services include ________. pollination of crop plants ________ is best defined as the study of how we decide to use scarce resources in the face of demand. economics A coyote, which can alter its food intake to match seasonal abundance of plants, fruits, or small animals, is considered to be ________. a generalist, able to be flexible Detritivores include ________. millipedes, soil insects, many ants Unregulated populations tend to increase by ________. exponential growth Rock that has undergone heat or pressure that causes it to change form is called ________. metamorphic An example of greenwashing is ________. creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices Endemic species ________. are found only in one place on the planet Grazing animals such as deer are ________. primary consumers or herbivores Ecotones are the ________. transitional zones between ecosystems A paradigm ________. is a means of evaluating scientific hypotheses The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies are the premises of ________. environmental justice Which of the following would be most vulnerable to extinction? an orchid endemic to a forest where logging is occurring A population is a (the) ________. group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area Which of the following is accurate? when we damage ecosystems we lose both biodiversity and valuable ecosystem services Geothermal energy, wind and solar radiation are all examples of ________. renewable environmental factors Extinction is ________. a natural process ________ is best defined as the knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people. culture Aquifers are ________. underground water reservoirs The eutrophication that has taken place in the Gulf of Mexico and other locations appears to be due to ________. excess nutrients from fertilizers Age pyramids, used to show the age structure of a population, generally ________. indicate the relative numbers (frequency, or percentage) of individuals in each age class The force driving plate tectonics is ________. heat in the deepest layers of the earth An example of a density-independent factor would be ________. cold weather causing the lake to freeze The biosphere consists of the ________. sum of all the planets living organisms and the abiotic portions of the environment Paleontologists and ecologists agree that ________. 99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct The human population is approximately ________. 6.9 billion Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly ________. cities in developing nations, including Cairo, Egypt, and Mumbai (Bombay), India Deforestation ________. has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when ________. they are mature and exhibit a multi-level canopy Organic farming ________. has increased in the United States, Canada and Europe in recent years Any consideration of the true costs of sprawl must include ________. increased use of fossil fuels Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (90%) is ________. Australia The first national park was ________. Yellowstone The buildup of salts in soils as a result of overirrigation is ________. salinization The loss of more than 10% productivity in arid areas due to erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, and an array of other factors is called ________. desertification Bullfrog tadpoles are often sold as fish bait, even in areas where they do not occur naturally. When people buy 10 of them and dont use them all, they often dump the remainder into the lake or river. This is an example of ________. introduced species Monoculture ________. is an agricultural practice of growing large stands of a single species According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________. increases environmental impact During most of our species 160,000-year existence, and until about 10,000 years ago, we depended on ________. hunting and gathering The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is ________. affected by rainfall, freezing and thawing ________ is the worlds most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth. China; one-fifth A population which is not growing will have a TFR of ________. 2.1 In general, successfully introduced species experience ________. increased competition from other organisms The practice of planting large areas with a single type of crop, monoculture ________. is a development of industrial agriculture Ecosystem-based timber harvesting uses methods that ________. leave seed-producing or mature trees uncut to provide for future forests Relative to agriculture, insects are usually ________. essential pollinators and predators for sustainable systems Agricultural practices, where the members of a farming family produce only enough food for themselves and do not make use of large-scale irrigation, chemical fertilizer, or machinery and technology, is called ________. subsistence agriculture Researchers have demonstrated that organic farming ________. decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming Americas age?structure diagram ________. reflects a population with a high growth rate ________ are best defined as substances that cause birth defects. Teratogens What drives the move to the suburbs from cities? desire to live in less stressful, more peaceful park-like conditions Clear-cutting ________. removes all trees from an area Leaching ________. removes water soluble nutrients from soil ________ are best defined as substances that cause cancer. Carcinogens The new urbanism tries to ________. develop walkable communities, with homes and businesses close together A country with ________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future. high female literacy It is more energetically efficient for us to to eat more ________. plant-based foods Over the past 50 years, most U.S. citizens who could afford to do so ________. left the cities for the suburbs Toxicants that cause harm by affecting the immune system include ________. allergens The ecological footprint of a large city is ________ than/as the surrounding rural area. slightly higher Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging? They are desperate for economic development. Raising ________ requires the most land and water. beef cattle The O horizon is ________. primarily composed of organic materials A species of lizard has gone extinct. This could be due to any of the following reasons except ________. increased genetic diversity within the species Controlled burns would be used in forests ________. that are subject to severe wild fires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth The greatest diversity (numbers of different species) of organisms can be found in ________. insects The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children ________. is greater because of their developmental immaturity, rapid growth and smaller biomass Biodiversity enhances human food security because it ________. is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods The worlds urban populations are ________. growing faster than the population as a whole Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation? Designate carpool lanes and carpool parking spots in many public places. The worldwide drop in sperm counts among men has been attributed to ________. endocrine disruptors The consequences of overfertilization can include ________. eutrophication in nearby waters Some indoor chemical hazard(s) are ________. Radon and asbestos Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because ________. there is a long lag time between exposure to the agent and disease The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ________. is an international panel that reports on how climate change influences biomes and economies Xeriscaping can save water by ________. planting native or drought-resistant plants with little or no water requirements El Nino and La Nina ________. produce changes of opposite direction in global temperature and precipitation patterns In the wake of the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol ________. cities and states are setting their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions Seasons are a result of ________. differences in the amount and intensity of sunlight brought about by the tilt of Earths axis About 80% of the oceans water exists in the ________. deep zone Milankovitch cycles ________. are changes in Earths rotation and orbit around the sun that may trigger climate variation The most obvious cause of industrial smog is ________. burning fossil fuels The area that underlies the shallow water bordering continents is called the ________. continental shelf An artesian aquifer occurs when ________. a water?bearing layer is trapped between two layers that are less permeable Tropospheric ozone ________. is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds Approximately ________% of the typical American city is devoted to use by cars. usually be used from sinks for irrigation and watering lawns As of 2010, the saga of the Colorado Rivers water resource allocation is being complicated by ________. several years of drought coupled with the rapid growth of Las Vegas Overpumping groundwater in coastal areas can cause ________ to move into aquifers, making the water undrinkable. salt water The Coriolis effect contributes to ________. global wind patterns The Kyoto Protocol ________. was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990 Lead enters the atmosphere as a particulate pollutant. This is a problem because it ________. causes central nervous system damage in humans Photochemical smog differs from industrial smog in that it ________. is formed only in the presence of sunlight As water warms, it ________. expands Precipitation that falls on Earths surface ________. may take a variety of pathways through surface water or groundwater flow A recent study has revealed that chlorinated hydrocarbons, gasoline and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become significant pollutants in ________ from ________. ground water / leaking storage tanks One of the problems that occurs as a consequence of CFC pollution is ________. increasing skin cancer in humans Marine reserves ________. are no?take areas in the oceans Which of the following best describes floodplains? a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows Today, _______ has the worst acid deposition problem, primarily because of _______. China / coal-fired electrical and industrial plants _______% of U.S.citizens live in coastal counties, thus vulnerable to rises in sea level. 53% Carbon dioxide is ________. the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas produced in the United States One-fifth of Earths total freshwater supply is in ________. groundwater Radon ________. may cause lung cancer when inhaled The rapid melting of Greenlands ice cap could disrupt the NADW formation by ________. adding huge amounts of less dense fresh water to the surface of the system Ocean water is saltiest ________. where there is high evaporation and low precipitation The largest portion of atmospheric gases is ________. nitrogen You want to maintain a healthy pond at your school site. Last year another pond became eutrophic; to avoid that, you want to ________. avoid increasing phosphorus runoff into the limnetic zone Kelp are ________. large algae that protect shorelines from erosion, and supply shelter and food for invertebrates and fish Which one of the following is not yet regulated by the EPA? carbon dioxide Most present?day fisheries managers ________. wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference. Keelings reports from Mauna Loa demonstrated ________. an increase in tropospheric CO2 from the 1950s to present The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific is referred to as ________. El Nino The relative humidity is the ________. amount of water vapor in the atmosphere Natural sources of air pollution come from ________. soil dust and volcanic dust You have been hired by a rapidly growing small city to improve the air quality, which has deteriorated in the past 10 years. Your first suggestion is to ________. improve transportation options, including carpool lanes, buses, and light rail Hydroelectric power generation ________. is an alternative to fossil fuels that produces fewer greenhouse gases We build dams to ________. generate electricity, prevent flooding and provide irrigation Currently, the greatest ecological crisis facing marine food webs is ________. overharvesting Of the following greenhouse gases, ________ concentrations have increased the most since 1750. methane Sinkholes result from ________. overconsumption of water from aquifers weakening the substrate Carbon monoxide ________. blocks oxygen transport in human blood Bathymetry is best defined as the study of ________. ocean depths The greenhouse effect involves warming of Earths surface and the ________. troposphere

Examples of Physical Properties of Matter - Comprehensive List

Examples of Physical Properties of Matter - Comprehensive List This is an extensive list of physical properties of matter. These are characteristics that you can observe and measure without altering a sample. Unlike chemical properties, you do not need to change the nature of a substance to measure any physical property  it might have.   You may find this alphabetical list to be especially useful if you need to cite examples of physical properties. A-C AbsorptionAlbedoAreaBrittlenessBoiling pointCapacitanceColorConcentration D-F DensityDielectric constantDuctilityDistributionEfficacyElectric chargeElectrical conductivityelectrical impedanceElectrical resistivityElectric fieldElectric potentialEmissionFlexibilityFlow rateFluidityFrequency I-M InductanceIntrinsic impedanceIntensityIrradianceLengthLocationLuminanceLusterMalleabilityMagnetic fieldMagnetic fluxMassMelting pointMomentMomentum P-W PermeabilityPermittivityPressureRadianceResistivityReflectivitySolubilitySpecific  heatSpinStrengthTemperatureTensionThermal conductivityVelocityViscosityVolumeWave impedance Physical vs. Chemical Properties Chemical and physical properties are related to chemical and physical changes. A physical change only alters the shape or appearance of a sample and not its chemical identity. A chemical change is a chemical reaction, which rearranges a sample on a molecular level. Chemical properties encompass those characteristics of matter that can only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a sample, which is to say by examining its behavior in a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability (observed from combustion), reactivity (measured by readiness to participate in a reaction), and toxicity (demonstrated by exposing an organism to a chemical).

The effects on children of growing up in a household where both Essay

The effects on children of growing up in a household where both parents work outside the home - Essay Example This paper examines some of the most common causes of working of both parents, and the general effects of this practice on the children. In the present age, women go shoulder to shoulder with men in every walk of life. Be it education, work, or research, women have set their footprint in all areas. In the past, in a traditional nuclear family, man used to play the role of bread earner for the family, and the woman used to nurture the kids at home and take care of their nutrition, studies and such other necessities. That practice was very beneficial for the children in particular as they would spend sufficient time with at least one of the two parents. With the passage of time, more and more women began to go out of the home particularly for work. There were several underlying factors that caused an altogether change in the traditional roles of mother and father in a nuclear family. First of all, by working, women have made an attempt to fulfill their long cultivated desire of coming at par with men. In the past, as discussed above, man used to be the sole bread earner for the whole family. This gave him the opportunity to go out and build social relations. The social network of man became stronger as compared to women, who had to resort to socialize mostly with other women in the neighborhood. The increased social networking placed more power in the hands of the man, and women started to feel themselves as living in a male dominated society. In order to come out of this suppressing feeling, more and more women started to study, though it would be wrong to say that this was the only reason why women today study in large numbers. There are several reasons behind this. Most of the times, it is indeed, the parents that want their daughters to be as educated as their sons, so the choice is mostly made by the parents and not the daughters themselves. However, paralleling the men is undoubtedly, one of the many causes why we see more women out today than in the past. Secondly, as the society has generally become more receptive towards the applications made by women for jobs, women can easily find work. In fact, in many cases, it so happens that when there is a competition between a woman and a man with equal qualifications for a particular job, the woman gets hired and the man does not. More and more women have made use of this fact and have started to work as a result. Thirdly, it is quite reasonable for both parents to work in the contemporary age of economic recession. As a result of the recent financial crisis, companies have been downsized by the owners in an attempt to maximize the profits. A lot of people have been expelled from jobs. Those, that have continued to work are being offered much lower pays than what they used to be offered only few years ago. There is little to no job security these days, and people may be fired any time. To top it all, prices of products and facilities of everyday use are skyrocketing. Taking these circumsta nces into consideration, it is quite wise of both the parents to work. However, the practice has conventionally had negative impacts on the children. With both of the parents out of the home, children are mostly left at the disposal of maids or servants. Some maids and servants are morally corrupt. Because of that, children are exposed to the risks of physical abuse, kidnapping and such other threats. Everyday, many such

Taylor's Main Principles of Scientific Management in Working Place Essay

Taylor's Main Principles of Scientific Management in Working Place - Essay Example Process are now clearly defined as well as how to do it that does not leave any room for intuitive job functioning. This is also to achieve uniformity and consistency in production and to make quality and output predictable. Scientific Management is an engineering approach to achieve efficiency in the workplace. Where the workplace or organization can be likened to a machine which is composed of several parts that should work together to achieve optimum efficiency. Principles of Scientific Management The first systematic attempt to address this conflict and labor recalcitrance in organization was directed by Frederick Winslow Taylor with his Scientific Management. For Taylor, the key to establishing an efficient and productive workplace required the possession and control of knowledge about the methods of production (Jaffe, 2008). Taylor's (1911) preface to the Principles of Scientific Management makes this quite clear when he stresses for national efficiency... first, it is teleolog ical in its orientation to means: what is important is securing the desired consequences. Second, in Taylor's philosophy, actions can be judged only by their consequences: a dogged empiricism is allied to an unquestioned grasp of the ends to be served. Third, ends are defined in terms of efficiency (primarily for factory owners) but are represented as the common good (Taylor, 1911). In pursuit of optimum efficiency, this Scientific Management engendered the idea of defining and breaking down of functions in narrowly defined tasks. Organization is viewed like a well-oiled machine where its parts, including labor would conform to the predetermined methods already in place. It proposed an engineering solution to a human issue with the objective of minimizing friction brought by human factor that the results of production may be predictable. According to Frederick Taylor, "Scientific Management is a distinctively scientific, since it aims to correlate in factory administration, and to p ush development further in accordance with the principles discovered (Taylor, 1911). According to Taylor (1911), the key features of scientific management are as follows: time study, functional or divided foremanship, the standardization of all tools and implements used in trades, the standardization of the acts and movements of workmen in each class of work, a unique planning function, management by the exception method, the use of slide-rules and other similar timesaving methods, instruction cards for workers, careful task Performance Improvement allocation, bonuses for successful performance, the use of a â€Å"differential rate,† a routing system, and mnemonic systems for classifying products and modern cost systems. The underlying principles of the philosophy are as follows: (a) the development of a true science for each element of a job, (b) the scientific selection and training of the worker, (c) cooperation with the worker to ensure that the job is being done in accor dance with principles of scientific education, and (e) an almost equal division of work and responsibility between workers and management (Wagner, 2007). Section 2. Case: Harvey Fast Food Restaurant I. Shift the decision making responsibility from the workers to managers   Decision making responsibility can be shifted to the managers from the workers when functions are broken down into specific tasks where it can be quantified for the managers to determine objective productivity output. In this way, the determination

The Importance of Africa as a Civilization and People Essay

The Importance of Africa as a Civilization and People - Essay Example The essay "The Importance of Africa as a Civilization and People" focuses on the topic of African culture while throwing more light on the influences of other religions and culture on this ancient land. Very few are aware that the forerunner of the Homo sapiens that inhibit planet earth was believed to have lived here. One of the first known clues to this question of where man originated came from fossils found in the Afar depression in Ethiopia in the early 1970's. More importantly, the continent has been inundated with many alien cultures starting from the Muslim influence to the colonization in the latter part of the nineteenth century. But in spite of this swarm of cultures, the continent has been able to maintain its ancient individuality. There may be many reasons for this situation. It could be that the land is inhospitable in many places. The climate may be too harsh for alien cultures with tropical rain forests to deserts that are found here in abundance. The culture or aggr essiveness of some of the tribes found in the land may have prevented the dilution of such cultures. It could also be that the African way of thinking that has been a subject of study by many historians and anthropologists may have had an influence in keeping the ancient ways of life, vibrant in some places and diluted in others. In all probability, it could have been a mix of all the above factors that have been instrumental in helping the people of that continent to maintain their individuality. But what this paper attempts to prove is that the so called African system of thought has to a large extent been responsible for the preservation of culture and civilization even if it is in a diluted form. Hence it is proposed that one of the reasons for the retention of African civilization by way of culture, beliefs, and practices is rooted in the ancient African system of thought that is still alive today. Essay Summary Prehistoric Africa: â€Å"Of all the earth’s continents, Africa provides the longest, deepest record of the human past. Several million years ago in Africa, a group of primates diverged from the rest of the apes and set forth on a distinctive evolutionary pathway involving bipedal or upright walking.† (Matrin and O’Meara 1995). The land is often referred to the cradle of humanity. Evolution of civilization was slow until the practice of herding and agriculture began to take root about 8,000 years ago. Distinct ways of life that can be described as proper civilizations began to evolve rapidly after that. Egyptian influence in Africa: Even though this advanced ancient civilization was situated in the continent of Africa, many scholars believed that African and Egyptian cultures were distinct from each other. It was thought that Egypt only used the rest of Africa as a source of slaves and other raw materials. But this erroneous line of thinking was seen by later historians and anthropologists only as a way to maintain European supremacy in the continent. â€Å"In reaction, African and African American scholars, mostly in the latter twentieth century, adopted an opposite paradigm: that ancient Egypt was not only an African civilization, populated by "black" Africans, but also a civilization that imparted its culture to the rest of Africa as well as Europe.† (O’Connor and Reid 2003). Muslim influence: One of the biggest influences on African civilization was that of Islam. It is estimated that one out of every three Africans believes in this faith. The faith first spread into many parts of this continent during the second half of the 7th century. But the influence and faith is still strong in the continent even today. Colonialism and post-colonialism: European colonists had established a

Business Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Environments - Essay Example Hanafizadeh, Kazazi and Azam (2011) assert that in scenario planning, various scenarios are considered in the decisions of company management which involves making long term plans for the organization. Managers consider laying plans which are flexible enough to enable the company to adapt to the changes in the legal, economic, political, social cultural and environmental scenarios within a market. The role of scenario planning is to remove the uncertainties which face the business processes as explained by Mason (2003). In this regard, it is explained that scenario planning enables managers to make flexible long term plans which enable an organization to make use of the business opportunities in the business market while reducing the risks associated with the various uncertainties of conducting business in a competitive environment. This paper gives a critical analysis of the various scenarios which managers of an organization consider in scenario planning with an aim of illustrating how this planning enables organizations to survive the competitive global business environment. According to Mason (2003), scenario planning begins with the decision of company management on the most suitable and most appropriate drivers which enable the organization to make the most effective changes for the survival of the uncertain business environment. ... As such organizations must decide on necessary changes within the organization which will enable it to meet the demands of the culturally diverse work force. Mason (2003) points out that the human resource are the drivers of change within an organization, as a result, the management must make decisions which will ensure that the strategic plans meet the needs of the organization. Such planning must be within the social and cultural scenario of the business environment. This is to ensure that the social needs of the employees are met by the organization. These needs include a suitable working environment and a communication and relationship enhancing working conditions. Schoemaker (1995) exemplifies that strategic decisions and planning of adoption and implementation of technological techniques which will enhance the communication process of the work environment. This means that the employees or subordinates will be allowed to have an enhanced communication and relationships among the mselves and the management. This is a process of a social cultural scenario planning through a planning process which ensures that suitable decisions are made to enable the employee needs to be met in the most suitable manner. Hanafizadeh, Kazazi and Azam (2011) explain that the importance which is made on the employees as the drivers of change is attributed to the fact that the workforce of any organization comprises of the most important stakeholder of business success. This is demonstrated by the fact that it is the employees who enable organizations to achieve innovation, creativity and increased production and thus competitiveness in the business environment. Tenaglia and Noonan (1992) assert that in scenario planning, companies must bring the drivers of change

The family in America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The family in America - Assignment Example I do believe that there are instances in which one does not need to cite sources, of which I believe that this was an example of such a case. Some of the information presented on page two and three is original based on original research, while the rest may be considered as common knowledge. For example, most problems that face today’s family are not new and have been discussed by the media and with friends. As a result, I considered these to be original thoughts and ideas. Moreover, some of these issues, like children no longer being a reason for families to stay together, are issues that are easily observed. I also noted the reader’s comment about a lack of important detail to illustrate ideas presented by Hansen on page 4 and 5. Indeed, Hansen’s article is the basis of this paper and a lot of care was taken to ensure that her ideas were integrated into the paper as comprehensively as possible. As a result, I strived to include the concept of the family as discussed by Hansen in the article in accordance to the paper’s instructions. The paper especially sought to present Hansen’s argument on how working life for parents, as well as the informal networks constructed by parents, help in caring for children. Most importantly, however, I set out to incorporate her thoughts on the challenges and triumphs that families face in relation to social class, which I believe was essential to answering the research question. Not all concepts of the family covered by Hansen were included, since some of them did not fit with the thesis of the paper regarding the centrality o f kin as providers of care. Therefore, some of the concepts of family may have been left out. Finally, the reader also commented that the quote by Braithwaite could have been analysed and discussed further and I do agree with this observation. Since this quote formed part of my introduction, it was only meant to provide background information on how individuals render voluntary

SHAREHOLDER STRUCTURE AND RISK PROFILE OF BRITISH PETROLEUM PLC Essay

SHAREHOLDER STRUCTURE AND RISK PROFILE OF BRITISH PETROLEUM PLC - Essay Example One of the most important objectives of corporate finance function is to maximise the shareholders’ value. There are many avenues by which the shareholders’ value can be increased. A company can invest in those projects which would fetch them a return, greater than the minimum hurdle rate. In compliance with that the company is committed to maximise the value for their shareholders. Their strategy is to create value by investing in exploration and production business because they offer sustainable growth with high returns through out the operational activities. To sustain the momentum which increases the firm’s value, the company intends to reinvest in exploration and production while carrying out their target acquisition for expansion of their business activities. They are expected to make investments in their assets through out the business cycle to increase the operational productivity of the company. All these attempts have been put forward so that a sustaina ble growth can be attained in future. This would even help the shareholders to attain an enhanced continual growth in their earnings from this company. BP’s aim is to strike a balance for their shareholders between the earnings involving the dividend, persistent investment in long term growth opportunities and maintain a careful risk return level. The company has a proper dividend reinvestment for the shareholders who are willing to have their dividend in the form of stocks rather than in cash. The company also have dividend reinvestment plan for their US and Canadian shareholders. All these approaches have been taken in accordance with the shareholders’ interests. They have committed to a remuneration policy which is in accordance with the interests of the shareholders. In the current volatile scenario it is quite important to have talented as well as committed

Business Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Environments - Essay Example Hanafizadeh, Kazazi and Azam (2011) assert that in scenario planning, various scenarios are considered in the decisions of company management which involves making long term plans for the organization. Managers consider laying plans which are flexible enough to enable the company to adapt to the changes in the legal, economic, political, social cultural and environmental scenarios within a market. The role of scenario planning is to remove the uncertainties which face the business processes as explained by Mason (2003). In this regard, it is explained that scenario planning enables managers to make flexible long term plans which enable an organization to make use of the business opportunities in the business market while reducing the risks associated with the various uncertainties of conducting business in a competitive environment. This paper gives a critical analysis of the various scenarios which managers of an organization consider in scenario planning with an aim of illustrating how this planning enables organizations to survive the competitive global business environment. According to Mason (2003), scenario planning begins with the decision of company management on the most suitable and most appropriate drivers which enable the organization to make the most effective changes for the survival of the uncertain business environment. ... As such organizations must decide on necessary changes within the organization which will enable it to meet the demands of the culturally diverse work force. Mason (2003) points out that the human resource are the drivers of change within an organization, as a result, the management must make decisions which will ensure that the strategic plans meet the needs of the organization. Such planning must be within the social and cultural scenario of the business environment. This is to ensure that the social needs of the employees are met by the organization. These needs include a suitable working environment and a communication and relationship enhancing working conditions. Schoemaker (1995) exemplifies that strategic decisions and planning of adoption and implementation of technological techniques which will enhance the communication process of the work environment. This means that the employees or subordinates will be allowed to have an enhanced communication and relationships among the mselves and the management. This is a process of a social cultural scenario planning through a planning process which ensures that suitable decisions are made to enable the employee needs to be met in the most suitable manner. Hanafizadeh, Kazazi and Azam (2011) explain that the importance which is made on the employees as the drivers of change is attributed to the fact that the workforce of any organization comprises of the most important stakeholder of business success. This is demonstrated by the fact that it is the employees who enable organizations to achieve innovation, creativity and increased production and thus competitiveness in the business environment. Tenaglia and Noonan (1992) assert that in scenario planning, companies must bring the drivers of change

SHAREHOLDER STRUCTURE AND RISK PROFILE OF BRITISH PETROLEUM PLC Essay

SHAREHOLDER STRUCTURE AND RISK PROFILE OF BRITISH PETROLEUM PLC - Essay Example One of the most important objectives of corporate finance function is to maximise the shareholders’ value. There are many avenues by which the shareholders’ value can be increased. A company can invest in those projects which would fetch them a return, greater than the minimum hurdle rate. In compliance with that the company is committed to maximise the value for their shareholders. Their strategy is to create value by investing in exploration and production business because they offer sustainable growth with high returns through out the operational activities. To sustain the momentum which increases the firm’s value, the company intends to reinvest in exploration and production while carrying out their target acquisition for expansion of their business activities. They are expected to make investments in their assets through out the business cycle to increase the operational productivity of the company. All these attempts have been put forward so that a sustaina ble growth can be attained in future. This would even help the shareholders to attain an enhanced continual growth in their earnings from this company. BP’s aim is to strike a balance for their shareholders between the earnings involving the dividend, persistent investment in long term growth opportunities and maintain a careful risk return level. The company has a proper dividend reinvestment for the shareholders who are willing to have their dividend in the form of stocks rather than in cash. The company also have dividend reinvestment plan for their US and Canadian shareholders. All these approaches have been taken in accordance with the shareholders’ interests. They have committed to a remuneration policy which is in accordance with the interests of the shareholders. In the current volatile scenario it is quite important to have talented as well as committed